David Waltz, Program Chair

August 18-20, 1982, Carnegie Mellon University / University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Published by The AAAI Press, Menlo Park, California. This proceedings is available in book and CD format.

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Contents

Vision

The Role of Eye Position Information in Algorithms for Stereoscopic Matching / 1
K. Prazdny, Fairchild Instrument and Camera Corporation

Representing Smooth Plane Curves for Recognition: Implications for Figure-Ground Reversal / 5
D. D. Hoffman and W. A. Richards, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Why Perspective Is Difficult: How Two Algorithms Fail / 9
John R. Kender, Columbia University

Tracking Known Three-Dimensional Objects / 13
Donald B. Gennery, Jet Propulsion Laboratory

A Model Based Vision System for Recognition of Machine Parts / 18
Katsushi Ikeuchi and Yoshiaki Shirai, Electrotechnical Laboratory, Japan

Local Computation of Shape / 22
Alex Paul Pentland, SRI International

Edge Detection in Optical Flow Fields / 26
William B. Thompson, Kathleen M. Mutch, and Valdis Berzins, University of Minnesota

Modeling and Using Physical Constraints in Scene Analysis / 30
M. A. Fischler, S. T. Barnard, R. C. Bolles, M. Lowry, L. Quam, G. Smith, and A. Witkin, SRI International

Intensity-Based Edge Classification / 36
Andrew P. Witkin, Fairchild Laboratory for Artificial Intelligence Research

Segmentation of Images Into Regions Using Edge Information / 42
Gerard G. Medioni, University of Southern California

A Corner Finding Algorithm for Image Analysis and Registration / 46
J.-Q. Fang and T. S. Huang, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

A Systematic Approach to Continuous Graph Labeling With Application to Computer Vision / 50
M. D. Diamond, N. Narasimhamurthi, and S. Ganapathy, University of Michigan

Determining Surface Type from Surface Normals / 55
Paul Amaranth, Oakland University; William Jaynes, Wayne State University

Natural Language and Speech

Planning Natural-Language Utterances / 59
Douglas E. Appelt, SRI International

Argument Molecules: A Functional Representation of Argument Structure / 63
Lawrence Birnbaum, Yale University

ARGOT: The Rochester Dialogue System / 66
James F. Allen, Alan M. Frisch, and Diane J. Litman, The University of Rochester

Dividing Up the Question Answering Process / 71
Marc Luria, University of California, Berkeley

Salience as a Simplifying Metaphor for Natural Language Generation / 75
David D. McDonald and E. Jeffery Conklin, University of Massachusetts

Conceptual Dependency and Montague Grammar: A Step Toward Conciliation / 79
Mark A. Jones and David S. Warren, State University of New York at Stony Brook

Event Shape Diagrams / 84
D. L. Waltz, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

An Explanation for Minimal Attachment and Right Association / 88
Robert W. Milne, Air Force Institute of Technology

A Synthetic Approach to Temporal Information Processing / 91
Mark D. Grover, TRW Defense Systems

Word Sense and Case Slot Disambiguation / 95
Graeme Hirst and Eugene Charniak, Brown University

Word Learning With Hierarchy-Guided Inference / 99
David M. Keirsey, University of California, Irvine

Talking to UNIX in English: An Overview of UC / 103
Robert Wilensky, University of California, Berkeley

An Expert System for Interpreting Speech Patterns / 107
Renato De Mori, Attilio Giordano, and Lorenza Saitta, Universita di Torino; Pietro Laface, Istituto di Elettrotecnica Generale--CENS Politenico di Torino

Problem Solving and Search

A Search Procedure for Perfect Information Games of Chance: Its Formulation and Analysis / 111
Bruce W. Ballard, Duke University

Synchronization of Multi-Agent Plans / 115
Jeffrey S. Rosenschein, Stanford University

A General Paradigm for AI Search Procedures / 120
Dana S. Nau, Vipin Kumar, and Laveen Kanal, University of Maryland

Evaluating Search Methods Analytically / 124
Paul W. Purdom, Jr. and Cynthia A. Brown, Indiana University

Consistent-Labeling Problems and Their Algorithms / 128
Bernard Nudel, Rutgers University

Reverend Bayes on Inference Engines: A Distributed Hierarchical Approach / 133
Judea Pearl, University of California, Los Angeles

Diagnosis Based on Description of Structure and Function / 137
Randall Davis, Howard Shrobe, Walter Hamscher, Karen Wieckert, and Mark Shirley, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Steve Polit, Digital Equipment Corp.

Unifying Data-Directed and Goal-Directed Control: An Example and Experiments / 143
Daniel D. Corkill, Victor R. Lesser, and Eva Hudlicka, University of Massachusetts

Knowledge Integration in Text Recognition / 148
Sargur N. Srihari and Jonathan J. Hull, State University of New York at Buffalo

Spatial and Temporal Reasoning in Geologic Map Interpretation / 152
Reid G. Simmons, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Job-Shop Scheduling: An Investigation in Constraint-Directed Reasoning / 155
Mark S. Fox, Brad Allen, Gary Strohm, Carnegie Mellon University

Heuretics: Theoretical and Experimental Study of Heuristic Rules / 159
Douglas B. Lenat, Stanford University

A Program That Learns to Solve Rubik’s Cube / 164
Richard E. Korf, Carnegie Mellon University

Experiential Learning in Analogical Problem Solving / 168
Jaime G. Carbonell, Carnegie Mellon University

Error Detection and Recovery in a Dynamic Planning Environment / 172
Blake Ward and Gordon McCalla, University of Saskatchewan

Scenarios as an Aid to Planning / 176
Rajendra S. Wall and Edwina L. Rissland, University of Massachusetts

A Framework for Distributed Problem Solving / 181
Dave McArthur, Randy Steeb, and Stephanie Cammarata, The Rand Corporation

PANDORA--A Program for Doing Commonsense Planning in Complex Situations / 185
Joseph Faletti, University of California, Berkeley

Knowledge Representation

Competence in Knowledge Representation / 189
Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque, Fairchild Laboratory for Artificial Intelligence Research

Knowledge Representation Languages and Predicate Calculus: How to Have Your Cake and Eat It Too / 193
Charles Rich, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

A System for Reasoning About Time / 197
Marc B. Vilain, Bolt, Beranek & Newman

Circumscriptive Ignorance / 202
Kurt Konolige, SRI International

Modeling Motion with Qualitative Process Theory / 205
Kenneth D. Forbus, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Getting the Envisionment Right / 209
Benjamin Kuipers, Tufts University

The QBKG System: Generating Explanations From a Non-Discrete Knowledge Representation / 213
Hans J. Berliner and David H. Ackley, Carnegie Mellon University

PLANT/ds Revisited: Non-Homogeneous Evaluation Schema in Expert Systems / 217
Carl T. Uhrik, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Inheritance of Statistical Properties / 221
Neil C. Rowe, Stanford University

Theorem Proving

Proof Methods in an Agenda-Based Natural-Deduction Theorem Prover / 225
Mabry Tyson, SRI International

A Nonclausal Connection-Graph Resolution Theorem-Proving Program / 229
Mark E. Stickel, SRI International

AI Languages and Software

Multiple Inheritance in Smalltalk-80 / 234
Alan H. Borning, University of Washington; Daniel H. H. Ingalls, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center

GLISP: A High-Level Language for AI Programming / 238
Gordon S. Novak Jr., Stanford University

Specialized Architecture for AI

DADO: A Tree-Structured Machine Architecture for Production Systems / 242
Salvatore J. Stolfo and David Elliot Shaw, Columbia University

Cognitive Modeling

Toward Connectionist Parsing / 247
Steven Small, Gary Cottrell, and Lokendra Shastri, The University of Rochester

Why Do Children Misunderstand Reversible Passives? The CHILD Program Learns to Understand Passive Sentences / 251
Mallory Selfridge, University of Connecticut

Learning by Chunking: Summary of a Task and a Model / 255
Paul S. Rosenbloom and Allen Newell, Carnegie Mellon University

Route Finding in Street Maps by Computers and People / 258
R. J. Elliott and M. E. Lesk, Bell Laboratories

Plan Understanding, Narrative Comprehension, and Story Schemas / 262
William F. Brewer, University of Illinois

Affect Processing for Narratives / 265
Michael G. Dyer, Yale University

On Being Contradictory / 269
Margot Flowers, Yale University

The Role of Experience in Development of Expertise / 273
Janet L. Kolodner, Georgia Institute of Technology

Application Systems

Computer Systems and Engineering

Diagnosis Using Hierarchical Design Models / 278
Michael R. Genesereth, Stanford University

The CRITTER System: Analyzing Digital Circuits by Propagating Behaviors and Specifications / 284
Van E. Kelly and Louis 1. Steinberg, Rutgers University

IDT: An Intelligent Diagnostic Tool / 290
Hal Shubin and John Wade Ulrich, Digital Equipment Corporation

REACTOR: An Expert System for Diagnosis and Treatment of Nuclear Reactor Accidents / 296
William R. Nelson, EG&G Idaho Inc.

A CSA Model-Based Nuclear Power Plant Consultant / 302
W. E. Underwood, Georgia Institute of Technology

Knowledge/Databases

Knowledge Management: A Practical Amalgam of Knowledge and Data Base Technology / 306
Charles Kellogg, System Development Corporation

Removing Restrictions in the Relational Data Base Model: An Application of Problem Solving Techniques / 310
Laurent Siklossy, University of Illinois at Chicago; Jean-Louis Lauriere, Universite Paris Vl

RABBIT: An Intelligent Database Assistant / 314
Frederich N. Tou, Michael D. Williams, Richard Fikes, Austin Henderson, and Thomas Malone, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center

Expert Systems: A User’s Perspective of Some Current Tools / 319
Susan P. Ennis, Amoco Production Company

Building Expert Systems for Controlling Complex Programs / 322
Sholom Weiss, Casimir Kulikowski, Chidanand Apte, and Michael Uschold, Rutgers University; Jay Patchett, Robert Brigham, and Belynda Spitzer, Amoco Production Research

Frame-Based Computer Network Monitoring / 327
Lawrence A. Stabile, Prime Computer, Inc.

SWIRL: An Object-Oriented Air Battle Simulator / 33
Philip Klahr, David McArthur, and Sanjai Narain, The Rand Corporation1

Plan Recognition Strategies in Student Modeling: Prediction and Description / 335
Bob London and William J. Clancey, Stanford University

An Expert System that Volunteers Advice / 339
Jeff Shrager, Carnegie Mellon University; Tim Finin, University of Pennsylvania

SPEX: A Second-Generation Experiment Design System / 341
Yumi Iwasaki and Peter Friedland, Stanford University1

Medical

Information Acquisition in Diagnosis / 345
Ramesh S. Patil and Peter Szolovits, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; William B. Schwartz, M.D., Tufts University School of Medicine and New England Medical Center

Deep Versus Compiled Knowledge Approaches to Diagnostic Problem-Solving / 349
B. Chandrasekaran and Sanjay Mittal, The Ohio State University

Induction of Causal Relationships From a Time-Oriented Clinical Database: An Overview of the RX Project / 355
Robert L. Blum, Stanford University

User Participation in the Reasoning Processes of Expert Systems / 358
Martha E. Pollack, Julia Hirschberg, and Bonnie Webber, University of Pennsylvania

Toward a Learning of Object Models Using Analogical Objects and Verbal Instruction / 362
Norihiro Abe, Fumihide Itoh, and Saburo Tsuji, Osaka University

An Overview of ΦNIX / 367
David Barstow, Roger Duffey, Stephen Smoliar, and Stanley Vestal, Schlumberger-Doll Research

ARBY: Diagnosis with Shallow Causal Models / 370
Drew McDermott, Yale University; Ruven Brooks, ITT Integrated Systems Center

Graphical Animation from Knowledge / 373
Daniel Neiman, The University of Connecticut

Robotics

The CMU Rover / 377
Hans P. Moravec, Carnegie Mellon University

Solving the Find-Path Problem by Good Representation of Free Space / 381
Rodney A. Brooks, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Final Position Control in Planar Horizontal Arm Movements / 387
Jonathan Delatizky, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Development of an Overall Direction-of-Action Sensor for Robots / 390
Tokuji Okada, Electrotechnical Laboratory, Japan

An Efficient Collision Warning Algorithm for Robot Arms / 394
E. Gordon Powell, Naval Surface Weapons Center

Stability of Automatic Guidance for a Mobile Robot / 396
L. Y. Shih, National Research Council of Canada

Program Synthesis and Understanding

Using Temporal Abstraction to Understand Recursive Programs Involving Side Effects / 40
Joachim Laubsch, Universitaet Stüttgart, West Germany; Marc Eisenstadt, The Open University, England0

GIST English Generator / 404
Bill Swartout, USC/Information Sciences Institute

Knowledge Acquisition

Automatic Schema Acquisition in a Natural Language Environment / 410
Gerald DeJong, University of Illinois

Acquisition of Appropriate Bias for Inductive Concept Learning / 414
Paul E. Utgoff and Tom M. Mitchell, Rutgers University

Theoretical Foundations

Circumscription Implies Predicate Completion (Sometimes) / 418
Raymond Reiter, Rutgers University

Monitors as Responses to Questions: Determining Competence / 421
Eric Mays, University of Pennsylvania

Efficient Minimum Information Updating for Bayesian Inferencing in Expert Systems / 424
John F. Lemmer and Stephen W. Barth, PAR Technology Corporation

The Role of Logic in Knowledge Representation and Commonsense Reasoning / 424
Robert C. Moore, SRI International

Foundations of Envisioning / 434
Johan de Kleer and John Seely Brown, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center

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